Los medios de comunicación occidentales nos muestran el conflicto sirio como una lucha por la democracia y la libertad. Dentro del llamado movimiento de la “Primavera Árabe” que sacudió el status quo del norte de África que se había configurado durante la Guerra Fría. Las dictaduras militares de ideología socialista y laicista que se habían establecido en el mediterráneo islámico Siria e Iráq dentro del movimiento panarabista de mediados del siglo pasado.
La caída de estos regímenes dictatoriales se observan desde occidente como una búsqueda de libertades y derechos humanos olvidando los conflictos internos de los países. En Libia las luchas tribales por el poder, en Egipto el poder de los Hermanos Musulmanes.En Irak los conflictos religiosos entre chiitas y suníes nos acercan a la realidad de Siria.
Siria es un estado de religión islámica principalmente dentro de la ortodoxia suní (75%), aunque también hay drusos, alauitas (10%), chiíes e ismaelitas. El cristianismo, en sus diferentes confesiones (ortodoxos, maronitas, católicos de rito armenio, siríacos, etc.), se circunscribe a las provincias periféricas y a algunos barrios urbanos. Muchos occidentales conciben el Islam como un bloque unitario desconociendo sus divisiones internas y los odios y venganzas que dividen las distintas sectas desde la muerte de Mahoma. En Siria un estado de mayoría Suni gobierna la minoría Alauita, una derivación del chiismo...
¿Quiénes son los alauíes? A ojos de algunos suníes no son ni siquiera musulmanes. También conocido como "Nusayrísmo" y "los nusayrís". El término «alauita» no es muy correcto y crea confusión con la dinastía alauí. Son una rama del islam, seguidores de los doce imanes de Ahlul Bait, descendientes del profeta Mahoma. Su escuela de jurisprudencia en el islam es aquella fundada por el sexto imán, Yafar As-Sádiq. Mientras que los chiitas veneran a Alí, yerno de Mahoma, los alauitas lo idolatran. Para ellos, Mahoma no es más que un velo que esconde "la esencia" encarnada por Alí. El tercer personaje de su trinidad es Salman Pak, un compañero de Mahoma considerado como la "puerta" del conocimiento.
Sus creencias son más parecidas a los chiíes que con los suníes. Muchas de sus prácticas resultan, sin embargo, heterodoxas. A la prohibición de comer cerdo añaden otros animales, como la liebre, pero en cambio el vino, "emanación del sol", forma parte de su liturgia. Los imanes mojan sus labios en ese alcohol y dirigen la oración en casas particulares o al aire libre y rara vez en mezquitas.
Rechazan algunos preceptos del islam, como la peregrinación a La Meca, y al Corán le añaden su propio libro sagrado (Kitab al Majmu). Su dogma solo al alcance de los varones que deben ser iniciados en tres etapas, mientras que las mujeres practican una especie de religión inferior, casi pagana, en la que veneran a la naturaleza.
El régimen sirio esta monopolizado por los Alauies, la familia de Bashar al-Assad forma parte de esta conexión. Los puestos clave en los cuatro grandes servicios secretos y las unidades militares mejor equipadas, como la Guardia Republicana, están en sus manos muchos de ellos emparentados con la familia del presidente.
El Ejército convencional, que cuenta con unos 200.000 hombres, "el 80% de los oficiales son alauíes", según Abdulhamis Alatassi miembro del Partido Democrático del Pueblo Sirio y exiliado en París
Francia antigua metrópolis favoreció a este grupo hasta 1946, para contener al nacionalismo árabe de los suníes, tras la independencia del país conllevó su marginación. Vieron en el ejército su única forma de promoción social, que culminó en un golpe de Estado en 1970 por parte de Hafez el Asad, padre del actual presidente, que falleció en el 2000.
En este enfrentamiento religioso no nos podemos olvidar a la minoría cristiana, que se vio favorecida y protegida por el régimen. “Si el régimen cae, estamos muertos” sentencian algunos cristianos sirios según el periodista Richard Labévière. Se ha escuchado en las manifestaciones de Deraa el siguiente eslogan: “Los alauitas a la tumba, los cristianos a Beirut”.
Detrás de la revuelta siria, Labévière ve la influencia de Arabia Saudita, líder del mundo sunita y otro aliado de los EEUU y de occidente, para debilitar el régimen de Al Assad e implantar un poder de obediencia sunita fiel al liderazgo saudí y si fuera posible wahabita.
Esta es solo una visión de los hechos pero el tiempo dará y quitara razones.
“¿Guerra religiosa en Siria?” por Francisco García Campa – Bellumartis Blog de Historia Militar.
Enlace de interes sobre la religion Alauita (en ingles)
RELIGIOUS WAR IN SYRIA?
The Western media show the Syrian conflict as a struggle for democracy and freedom. Within the movement called the "Arab Spring" that shook the status quo in North Africa that was set during the Cold War. Military dictatorships and secular socialist ideology that had been established in the Mediterranean Islamic Syria and Iraq within the pan-Arab movement of mid-century.
The fall of these dictatorial regimes are observed from the West as a quest for freedom and human rights, forgetting the conflicts within countries. In Libya the tribal struggles for power in Egypt the power of Iraq Musulmanes.En Brothers religious conflict between Shiites and Sunnis us closer to the reality of Syria.
Syria is a state of Islam mainly within orthodox Sunni (75%), although there are also Druze, Alawites (10%), Shiites and Ismailis. Christianity, in its various denominations (Orthodox, Maronite, Armenian Rite Catholics, Syriac, etc..), Is confined to the peripheral provinces and some urban neighborhoods. Many Westerners conceive of Islam as a block unit knowing its internal divisions and hatreds and revenges which divide the different sects after the death of Muhammad. In Syria, a Sunni-majority state governs the minority Alawite, an offshoot of Shiism.
Who are the Alawites? In the eyes of some Sunnis are not even Muslims. Also known as "Nusayrísmo" and "Nusayris". The term "Alawite" is not quite right and creates confusion with the Alawite dynasty. They are a branch of Islam, followers of the twelve Imams of Ahlul Bait, descendants of the Prophet Muhammad. His school of jurisprudence in Islam is that founded by the sixth Imam, Ja'far as-Sadiq. While Shiites revere Ali, son of Mohammed, the Alawites idolize him. For them, Muhammad is but a veil that hides the "essence" embodied by Ali. The third character of the Trinity is Salman Pak, a companion of Muhammad considered the "door" of knowledge.
His beliefs are more like the Shiites than Sunnis. Many of their practices are, however, unorthodox. A ban on eating pork add other animals such as hares, but instead the wine, "emanation of the sun", is part of their liturgy. The magnets wet their lips in that spirit and lead the prayer in private homes or outdoors and rarely in mosques.
Reject some teachings of Islam, as the pilgrimage to Mecca, and add their own Koran holy book (Kitab al Majmu). His dogma only available for men to be initiated in three stages, while women practice a religion less, almost pagan, in which worship nature.
The Syrian regime is monopolized by the Alawites, the family of Bashar al-Assad is part of this conesion. Key positions in the four major intelligence and better equipped military units, as the Republican Guard, are in his hands many of them related to the family of the president.
The conventional army, which has about 200,000 men, "80% of the officers are Alawites," according Abdulhamis Alatassi member of Syrian People's Democratic Party and exiled in Paris
Former colonial power France favored this group until 1946, to contain the Sunni Arab nationalism after the country's independence led to their marginalization. They saw in the army their only form of social promotion, which culminated in a coup in 1970 by Hafez al-Assad, father of current president, who died in 2000.
In this religious confrontation we can not forget the Christian minority, which was favored and protected by the regime. "If the regime falls, we're dead" a few Syrian Christians sentenced according to the journalist Richard Labévière. It has been heard in the manifestations of Deraa the slogan: "The Alawites to the grave, Christians in Beirut."
Behind the Syrian revolt, Labévière see the influence of Saudi Arabia, the world leader and a Sunni ally of U.S. and West, to weaken the Assad regime and implement a Sunni faithful obedience to the Saudi leadership and if possible Wahhabi.
This is only a vision of the facts but time and will remove reasons.
The Western media show the Syrian conflict as a struggle for democracy and freedom. Within the movement called the "Arab Spring" that shook the status quo in North Africa that was set during the Cold War. Military dictatorships and secular socialist ideology that had been established in the Mediterranean Islamic Syria and Iraq within the pan-Arab movement of mid-century.
The fall of these dictatorial regimes are observed from the West as a quest for freedom and human rights, forgetting the conflicts within countries. In Libya the tribal struggles for power in Egypt the power of Iraq Musulmanes.En Brothers religious conflict between Shiites and Sunnis us closer to the reality of Syria.
Syria is a state of Islam mainly within orthodox Sunni (75%), although there are also Druze, Alawites (10%), Shiites and Ismailis. Christianity, in its various denominations (Orthodox, Maronite, Armenian Rite Catholics, Syriac, etc..), Is confined to the peripheral provinces and some urban neighborhoods. Many Westerners conceive of Islam as a block unit knowing its internal divisions and hatreds and revenges which divide the different sects after the death of Muhammad. In Syria, a Sunni-majority state governs the minority Alawite, an offshoot of Shiism.
Who are the Alawites? In the eyes of some Sunnis are not even Muslims. Also known as "Nusayrísmo" and "Nusayris". The term "Alawite" is not quite right and creates confusion with the Alawite dynasty. They are a branch of Islam, followers of the twelve Imams of Ahlul Bait, descendants of the Prophet Muhammad. His school of jurisprudence in Islam is that founded by the sixth Imam, Ja'far as-Sadiq. While Shiites revere Ali, son of Mohammed, the Alawites idolize him. For them, Muhammad is but a veil that hides the "essence" embodied by Ali. The third character of the Trinity is Salman Pak, a companion of Muhammad considered the "door" of knowledge.
His beliefs are more like the Shiites than Sunnis. Many of their practices are, however, unorthodox. A ban on eating pork add other animals such as hares, but instead the wine, "emanation of the sun", is part of their liturgy. The magnets wet their lips in that spirit and lead the prayer in private homes or outdoors and rarely in mosques.
Reject some teachings of Islam, as the pilgrimage to Mecca, and add their own Koran holy book (Kitab al Majmu). His dogma only available for men to be initiated in three stages, while women practice a religion less, almost pagan, in which worship nature.
The Syrian regime is monopolized by the Alawites, the family of Bashar al-Assad is part of this conesion. Key positions in the four major intelligence and better equipped military units, as the Republican Guard, are in his hands many of them related to the family of the president.
The conventional army, which has about 200,000 men, "80% of the officers are Alawites," according Abdulhamis Alatassi member of Syrian People's Democratic Party and exiled in Paris
Former colonial power France favored this group until 1946, to contain the Sunni Arab nationalism after the country's independence led to their marginalization. They saw in the army their only form of social promotion, which culminated in a coup in 1970 by Hafez al-Assad, father of current president, who died in 2000.
In this religious confrontation we can not forget the Christian minority, which was favored and protected by the regime. "If the regime falls, we're dead" a few Syrian Christians sentenced according to the journalist Richard Labévière. It has been heard in the manifestations of Deraa the slogan: "The Alawites to the grave, Christians in Beirut."
Behind the Syrian revolt, Labévière see the influence of Saudi Arabia, the world leader and a Sunni ally of U.S. and West, to weaken the Assad regime and implement a Sunni faithful obedience to the Saudi leadership and if possible Wahhabi.
This is only a vision of the facts but time and will remove reasons.
Sublime
ResponderEliminarHola, soy el de cazasdecombate.blogspot.com
ResponderEliminarEra para decirte que ya te enlazado el link de tu blog en mi blog de aviones.
Gracias y un Saludo
Hola, vengo del site de la R.E.H.A. Impresionante artículo; me ha sido de gran ayuda, pues andaba un poco perdida (como la gran mayoría creo) con el tema del interminable y sangrante conflicto sirio. Muchas gracias.
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